гражданский брак bedeutet auf Englisch

civil marriage▼(marriage performed by a government official instead of by a member of the clergy)
noun
[UK: ˈsɪ.vəl ˈmæ.rɪdʒ] [US: ˈsɪ.vəl ˈme.rɪdʒ]

civil union▼(legal union similar to marriage)
noun
[UK: ˈsɪ.vəl ˈjuː.nɪən] [US: ˈsɪ.vəl ˈjuː.njən]

common-law marriage▼(a marriage based on the duration of cohabitation rather than formal ceremony)
noun
[UK: ˈkɒmən lɔː ˈmærɪʤ ] [US: ˈkɑmən lɔ ˈmɛrɪʤ ]